Contents

• UNISEARCH: AN INTRODUCTION
• KEYWORD-DRIVEN SEARCH ENGINES DOMINATE INTERNET MARKET
• CURRENT INTERNET KEYWORD-DRIVEN SEARCH ENGINES
• EXAMPLE: KEYWORD-DRIVEN SEARCH ENGINES LIMITATIONS
• UNISEARCH: A SUPERIOR SEARCH VEHICLE, A NEW PARADIGM
• UNISEARCH: OPTIMIZING SEARCHES BY TREATING EACH USER AS AN INDIVIDUAL
• UNISEARCH: FUNCTIONAL LOGIC - FINGERPRINTING
• UNISEARCH: FUNCTIONAL LOGIC - FINGERPRINTING (continued)
• UNISEARCH: FUNCTIONAL LOGIC - THE SPHERE IS THE LIMITING CASE OF THE ORISPHER
• UNISEARCH: FUNCTIONAL LOGIC - THE TRIAD
• UNISEARCH: FUNCTIONAL LOGIC - THE TRIAD (continued)
• UNISEARCH: FUNCTIONAL LOGIC - TRIADS AS THE STANDARD
• UNISEARCH: FUNCTIONAL LOGIC - MAPPING OF THE INTERNET ITEMS
• UNISEARCH: FUNCTIONAL LOGIC - UPDATING
• UNISEARCH: FUNCTIONAL LOGIC - UNISEARCH ORGANIZES USERS INTO "FAMILIES"
• UNISEARCH: FUNCTIONAL LOGIC - DIVERSITY
• UNISEARCH: FUNCTIONAL LOGIC - CONFIDENTIALITY
• UNISEARCH UNIZONE: USER-DESIRED TEXTS ON DEMAND
• PUBLISHING HOUSE UNIPUBLISHING: USER-DESIRED TEXTS ON DEMAND
• UNIAD: FINGERPRINTED ADVERTISEMENTS
• UNIDESK: COMMUNITY DESK FOR UNIAD ADVERTISEMENTS
• UNISEARCH: INHERENT ADVANTAGES OF UNISEARCH E-COMMERCE
• UNIVESTMENT: INVESTMENTS IN THE UNISEARCH E-COMMERCE
• UNISEARCH: THE NEW PARADIGM

Problem
Currently the Internet is not User-friendly. The quantity of information on the Internet doubles every four months, yet Users cannot find what they really want.

Solution
UniSearch search vehicles use innovative logic to surmount the problems of search engines extant on the Internet market - they address sufficiently and effectively individual User's needs.

Methodology
The Triad: Nouns-Verbs-Adjectives. The Unisearch methodology is grounded on the matching procedure of the nouns-verbs-adjectives. Triads taken from the User's "search text" and profile to the nouns-verbs-adjectives Triads from Standardized Internet items.

User Interface
Users are organized into "Families". A "Family" is an community of Users with similar profiles.

Internet Interface
The items on the Internet - e.g., sites, newsgroups - are constructed in "Countries", "Cities", etc. according to similarity in their profiles.

Greater Convenience, Greater Accuracy
Associations of profiles - "Families ", " Countries ", "Cities", etc. - allow the program to employ the search vehicles that will reliably distill an ever-expanding pool of objects, words, and numbers into a flow of the most precious information: the information User wants.

Commercial Implications
Unisearch and its text-retrieval-and-delivery-purchases services UniZone, UniDesk, UniPublishing, etc. will bring Personalized Information to Users and Service Providers.

© 1999 Copyrights Ilya Geller. All rights reserved.

Currently, there are dozens of search engines
that attempt to guide User to Internet locations
containing something that User wants to access.

All of the extant search engines (e.g., Yahoo, AltaVista, Hotbot, Excite, Google) use a similar method to connect User with to desired content: User enters a few key words or a sentence*  which characterizes a subject, and the search engine seeks out locations - i.e., Web sites and newsgroups - where the key words can be found.		Extant search engines seek Internet locations only by the keywords entered in the search
A great number of search engines on the market compete for User attention and advertising dollars. Although currently there is seeming plurality of search engines, they all are designed on similar grounds and therefore have yielded similarly inconsistent search results.		Consumer attention and advertising dollars are currently spread thin among several keyword-driven search engines. There is no personal approach to Users.

*Altavista prompts User to enter a complete, interrogative sentence ("Ask Altavista a question"); however, the search engine uses only the key words within User-posed question to perform the search. Hence, despite its User-friendly "Question and Answer" interface, AltaVista's searching capabilities are equivalent to that of its competitors.

1 © 1999 Copyrights Ilya Geller. All rights reserved.

Since current Internet keyword-driven search engines seek out instances of User's key words without accounting for text analysis,searches for specific information usually produce an inconsistent list of Internet locations. Some of the listed sites may contain desired content, some may not. Most frequently, the detailed search will not result in User directly accessing (i.e., jumping from the hyperlink on the result list to desired content) the information he or she requires.

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1. Desired Content: User needs to obtain information on computer-based music graduate programs in New York City. The User enters the key words "Graduate school," "computer," "music," and "job." The search engine seeks locations with these key words.

2. Results: None of the top 5 listed sites in this result list guide User directly to information about a graduate program specializing in computer-based music in New York City. Some of the links pertain generally, and might get the User to some desired specific content. However, the User would have to jump between pages within a site and/or to jump to other sites several times. But there is no direct access (jump directly from search engine results to desired content).

3. Potential Transaction(s) Lost: The time the user spent on attempt to locate the right site could have been used requesting information, filling out an application, registering for classes, or taking an on-line courses.

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The Goal: Direct Access
To capitalize on the inherent advantages of the Internet - e-commerce, advertisements, etc. - UniSeacrh gives User personalized access to information, which in turn grants User what he or she really wants.

The Method: Unisearch's Functional Logic Recognizes the User as Individual
Instead of impersonal logic, UniSearch delivers texts, purchases and advertisements based on each User's unique immediate and unexpressed interests.

Implications for e-commerce, e-advertisement, etc.
Learning Users' immediate and unexpressed Interests. Learning Languages Patterns of each User. "Fingerprinting" the Users.

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UniSearch is superior to all extant search engines because it offers a personalized search design: UniSearch treats each User as an individual Each User of the Internet is an individual with distinct interests, and with variety of purposes for utilizing the Internet. UniSearch guarantees consistent, direct access to the User's desired content because it "recognizes" User's immediate and unexpressed interests. UniSearch provides a list of sources of acquired information on the basis of entered "search text" (see p.7) and individual profile. UniSearch not only processes Users' statements of interests, but also saves information about Users' interests in profiles permanently updating them.

UniSearch builds a sophisticated, confidential database that "learns" the User's individual interests over time UniSearch "learns" the User's linguistic patterns, thereby continually refines the accuracy of the search vehicle's results

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The Fingerprint: Individuality as Complex, yet Finite

An actual fingerprint is a complex, yet finite arrangement of lines on an individual's finger. The ways in which the lines are arranged vary infinitely from person to person, thus each person's fingerprint is unique.

Paradoxically, the complexity of the fingerprint is that an essential characteristics, which makes it to identify a person. Multiple lines compose patterns, and the patterns - though they're a tiny part of the corporeal being - yield a definitive identification of the person.

  

  

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Linguistic Fingerprinting: Vocabular and Syntactic Limits

Similarly, an individual language is complex, but finite. (Even the most educated philologist does not use more than 25,000 words.) A structure within User's texts is analogous to the lines of a fingerprint, and User's juxtaposition of combinations of words is analogous to the pattern created by the lines.

• Such factors as psychological type, life experience, socioeconomic status, level of education, etc. - the result of User's development (User's background) - contribute to determining frequency of occurrences of noun-verb-adjective combinations within User's texts.
• User tends towards certain Language Habits, that is the choice of particular language patterns.
• Each linguistic pattern reflects various factors of User's background. Therefore, User's Language Habits are unique and allow to construct personal profile.
• Personal profile and "search text" address the immediate and unexpressed User's request. ("Search text" represents the immediate request to access specific information when profile helps to identify an unexpressed one.)
• UniSearch takes the initiative to offer not only the information directly requested by User (immediate request), but also includes information to satisfy the unexpressed request (based on the personal profile) - Users get the information they really look for even if they cannot express their requests.

7 © 1999 Copyrights Ilya Geller. All rights reserved.

The orispher - sphere with constantly changing radius

The orispher is a sphere with a constantly changing radius.

• User's number of the frequency of occurrences of nouns-verbs-adjectives combinations can exist only within an orispher of one's nouns-verbs-adjectives combinations because this number is constantly changing.
• The assumption that the number of these combinations can be artificially limited is considered as the working concept.
• UniSearch artificially limits the actually used by UniSearch number of frequencies of occurrences of nouns-verbs-adjectives combinations by number of phrases used most commonly.
• Their number is usually 5-8% from the whole number of all combinations.
• UniSearch, by using commonly employed combinations, creates the sphere
  of nouns-verbs-adjectives combinations - the limiting case of the orispher

  The real number of noun-verb-adjective combinations is constantly changing but UniSearch takes just a limited part of the of constantly repeated combinations	The quantity of noun-verb-adjective combinations that will be matched during the search depends on the particular vehicle the User bought. The bigger the number, the higher the price

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The Fundamental Triad of Language: Nouns, Verbs, and Adjectives.

In order to understand UniSearch's functional logic, it is necessary to admit that either nouns or verbs or adjectives are present in any sentence.

The total frequency of occurrences of nouns-verbs-adjectives combinations within meaningful sentences in texts is unique for each User. The frequency of occurrences varies from User to User due to his or her background: psychological type, life experience, socioeconomic status, level of education, etc.

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How Triads Functions within UniSearch:

UniSearch methodology is grounded on the matching procedure of the nouns-verbs-adjectives Triads taken from User's "search text" and personal profile to the nouns-verbs-adjectives Triads from the Internet items.

UniSearch employs Triads extracted from the "search text" and User's profile with Triads of items on the Internet (which are standardized)

User's UniSearch entry	Internet

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---

UNISEARCH: FUNCTIONAL LOGIC - TRIADS AS THE STANDARD

Standardization: Problems and Solutions. The standard cannot be imposed upon the Internet - the Internet serves to disseminate ideas and everyone is free to ignore any standard he or she wants to ignore. The standard should be inherent: inasmuch as the common future of all the Internet items is the presence of texts the standard that is based upon textual analysis cannot be disregarded. UniSearch standardizes the Internet: - Triads are the smallest meaningful language constructs that are taken from each text. - Standard Map of the Internet is composed from the Triads combinations that are profiles of the Internet items.

UniSearch takes these Triads: - accident - city - history - police - work  -don't  -live  -police  -work  -don't  -live  -police  -work  -don't  -live  -police  -work  -don't  -live  -police  -work  -don't  -live  -police  -work  - cautiously  -    -"-  -    -"-  -    -"-  - cautiously  -    -"-  -    -"-  -    -"-  - cautiously  -    -"-  -    -"-  -    -"-  - cautiously  -    -"-  -    -"-  -    -"-  - cautiously  -    -"-  -    -"-  -    -"-

In the sentence: "Most don't live in the city, though many work here - and, by an accident of history, many cautiously police us"

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Triads-Based Standard Map of the Internet In order to make the Internet searchable in terms of the noun-verb-adjective Triads, it is necessary to have the Standard Map of the Internet. The most feasible way to standardize the Internet is to pick up the frequency of occurrences of nouns-verbs-adjectives combinations in each text piece/item/site on the Internet. UniSearch employs search robots that constantly read/search all sites and takes all nouns-verbs-adjectives combinations from all sentences of all texts. Each item on the Internet is composed of a unique diversity of Triads. The approach of purposeful sampling is applied to identify a representative group of Triads specific for each item on the Internet. The general profile of each Internet item becomes a distinct point on Standard Map.

Standardizing the Internet in terms of Triads allows to utilize and control the constantly expanding Internet

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In order to track all migrations within communities of Users - "Families" - as well as within constantly transforming content of the Internet, UniSearch permanently updates its database. Insomuch as Users change over the time their Language Habits change too. Updating of UniSearch database aims to transfer "Families Members" from one "Family" to another as soon as their linguistic preferences are modified. The Standard Map of the Internet is updated permanently by picking up all changes of all items on the Internet.

Permanent update procedure makes UniSearch a flexible tool able to accommodate ongoing changes

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"Families": Common Profiles, Common Interests - Communities "Families" are communities of Users with similar profiles. Grouping of Users allows UniSearch to create a profile for each "Family": the profile contains the "Family" linguistic fingerprint and its preferences in items, products, etc. on the Internet. Initial search is based upon the "Family's" profile. Right after the initial search for the whole "Family" UniSearch accomplishes search for the particular User within the found "Country" and "City". "Family Members" are able to exchange and share information about the use of the Internet - "gossips" - with other Users within "Family" profile.

Operating with "Families" essentially decreases the time of search "Families" of Users bring together people with similar interests

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The standardization of texts allows UniSearch to distinguish profiles of the Internet items and Users' profiles in their diversity. - Grammar structures of sentences: subjects, predicates and attributes serve subjective purposes of their creator - they are meaningful. - Using meaningless combinations of parts of speech: nouns, verbs and adjectives instead of meaningful grammar structures UniSearch creates distinctive and objective (Standard) in the sense of Russell's and Wittgenstein's Positivism profiles of texts - Therefore, profiles are at the same time unique-distinctive and they covertly contain meaningful structures of sentences: they objectively reflect User's Linguistic Habits and User's immediate and unexpressed requests. As soon as profiles are distinguished they can be accumulated into points of accumulation with limited neighborhoods* according to similarity in their profiles - into "Families", "Countries", "Cities", etc.

UniSearch operates with parts of speech     combinations     but not with grammar structures

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Users submit personal information to UniSearch database confidentially. In order to create personal profiles initially Users submit Internet Favorites and/or samples of texts (personal notes, e-mails, extracts from favorite books, magazines, etc.) of any length. Although the user may submit very personal texts as personal textual data a User's Profile does not contain any private information about the user nor does it contain any textual excerpts from a User's private texts. Instead, UniSearch extracts linguistic patterns from texts rather than the actual information conveyed by the texts. A special program composes personal profiles on the basis of extracted Triads. Personal profiles are confidentially saved in "Mightiest Logicon" database. Users have access to profiles only by using their Passwords.

Nobody has access to Users' language fingerprints without User's permission

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UniZone: Applying UniSearch Functional Logic to Text Search and Retrieval UniSearch's User profiling and Internet mapping enables Users to find and purchase the texts (books, magazines, articles, etc.) they want instantly. Every item on the Internet is mapped into "Cities" and "Countries" - two different levels of specificity, depending on their profiles. Matching "Families" with "Cities" and "Countries" allows User to retrieve any text he or she wants. UniZone sells books, magazines, articles, etc. to Users.

UniZone - one of the most powerful applications of UniSearch's User profiling and the Internet mapping paradigm - connects Users with the actual texts they want and can consume. Thus UniZone threatens to make Amazon.com obsolete.

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Publishing House UniPublishing utilizes UniSearch results to estimate future purchases of the requested publishing materials (books, magazines, articles, etc.). UniSearch provides UniPublishing with the list of prospective clients and description of their interests. UniSearch results enable UniPublishing to meet the needs of individual clients. UniPublishing informs the writers about the current interests and needs of specific audiences. UniZone delivers publishing materials directly to consumers using advertisements on UniDesk.

Publishing House UniPublishing provides new opportunities for publishing industry - the amount of latent readers can be anticipated with extraordinary accuracy

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UniAd advertisements address language preferences of "Families" as well as their Aesthetic and Ethical Norms. UniSearch provides the necessary means to meet individual requirements of each "Family".

Advertisements are created using Users' language fingerprints

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UniDesk displays advertisements created by UniAd. UniDesk concentrates targeted advertisements that were made by UniAd and makes them available for all members of the "Family". UniDesk allows Users choose and stock information about the best products and marketing places on the Internet in the "Family" profile. UniDesk allows Users to exchange "gossips" about advertised products and marketing places on the Internet among all "Family Members". UniDesk automatically pushes out and replaces the information about unpopular products and marketing places in the "Family" profile.

UniDesk keeps specifically designed advertisements for particular "Families" of Users

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As a medium, UniSearch on the Internet has the potential to revolutionize commerce. First, UniSearch e-commerce is convenient: it presents marketers the opportunity to let consumers see, hear, and/or read descriptions of products from any Internet-equipped computer. Once the consumer has reached the site he or she wishes to find using UniSearch, purchasing requires minimal effort and is efficient. Secondly, UniSearch e-commerce facilitates "personalized purchasing": User has made the effort to find a specific item on the Internet based on his or her interests; therefore, he or she is more likely to purchase an advertised product or service at an Internet location containing desired content.

The convenience of UniSearch e-commerce encourages consumers to purchase products UniSearch reliably takes the User to desired marketing destinations on the Internet

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UniVestment serves Investors as a reliable investment tool on the Internet UniDesk immediately responds on changes in Users' preferences in products and marketing places on UniDesk. UniDesk instantly supplies this information to clients of UniVestment.

Life for clients of UniVestment is Beautiful

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Current search tools on the Internet fail to regard his/her majesty User with the proper respect.		Keyword-driven searches fail to consistently provide Users with direct access to desired content. Therefore, new advantages of personalized purchasing (or User- targeted marketing) and advertisement are granted only by UniSearch.		Users can reach Marketers directly using UniSearch and vice versa
				UniZone connects Users with the texts they want and can consume
				UniPublishing anticipates the amount of latent readers
				UniDesk and UniAd target advertisements to specific audiences

23 © 1999 Copyrights Ilya Geller. All rights reserved.